What is the difference between the grant of probate and Letters of Administration?

A grant of probate is issued when there is a valid will and the executor named in it applies. Letters of Administration are issued when there is no valid will, or when the executor cannot or will not act, and a family member or other entitled person applies to administer the estate instead. Both documents give the holder legal authority to collect assets and pay debts. The process for obtaining them is similar — the difference is in the application form (PA1P for probate, PA1A for administration).

How does this checklist relate to the Executor's First Hour Pack?

This checklist is a blank, paper-based starting point — it covers the full twelve-month process in sequence. The Executor's First Hour Pack (£179 via valoren.uk) is a prepared, personalised document set: it uses the records already held in the portal to produce a briefing that names the accounts, the contacts, and the specific steps relevant to that particular estate — rather than a generic list. The checklist tells you what to do in general; the pack tells you what to do for this specific estate.

G-05 · Free DownloadEstate administration · England & Wales

Blank Executor Checklist

A complete time-phased checklist for administering an estate from start to finish — 0–7 days through 6–12 months, with a date column for each item. No account required.

Download free PDF →

PDF · No account required · Planning guide only — not legal advice

Planning guidance only. Executor duties and IHT rules change. Verify current deadlines at gov.uk/applying-for-probate and hmrc.gov.uk. Complex estates — foreign assets, trusts, business interests, or disputed wills — benefit from professional advice. This checklist covers England and Wales; Scotland and Northern Ireland have different rules.

At a glance

Four phases

The immediate steps

0–7

days

7–28

days

Notifications and estate mapping

Administration and probate

1–6

months

6–12

months

Distribution and close-out

What an executor does

An executor is the person named in a will to administer the estate after death. Their job is to collect assets, pay debts and taxes, and distribute what remains to the beneficiaries. It is a legally responsible role that typically takes 6–12 months for a straightforward estate.

Collect

Gather all assets into the estate: bank accounts, investments, property proceeds, insurance payouts, pension lump sums.

Pay

Clear all debts in the correct priority order — funeral expenses, then secured debts, then unsecured creditors — before distributing anything.

Distribute

Transfer the residue to beneficiaries per the will, having obtained their signed receipts and maintained proper accounts throughout.

The four phases

The checklist is built around four time phases. Not every item applies to every estate; mark items not applicable and note why.

0–7 daysThe immediate steps0 / 7

The first week is about documentation, not administration. You cannot deal formally with assets until you have the grant of probate — but you can gather the information you will need.

7–28 daysNotifications and estate mapping0 / 7

Post redirection is often forgotten and catches significant financial correspondence in the weeks after death.

1–6 monthsAdministration and probate0 / 7

If IHT is due, start paying it before you apply: HMRC then sends the unique code you need. Some banks can pay it direct from the deceased's account (form IHT423).

6–12 monthsDistribution and close-out0 / 7

Beneficiaries are entitled to see the estate accounts. Keep them clear and dated.

Get these deadlines on your own calendarFree · .ics file

Enter the date of death and download a calendar file with the real dates already worked out. It opens in Google Calendar, Outlook, or Apple Calendar. The date stays in this browser — nothing is sent anywhere and nothing is saved.

Register the death — 5 days (statutory, England & Wales)
Inheritance Tax payment due — end of the sixth month after the month of death (statutory)
IHT400 account delivery deadline — 12 months from the end of the month of death (statutory)
Plus three planning milestones from this checklist's own phases — clearly labelled guidance only, never a legal deadline

Planning guidance only, not legal advice. England and Wales — Scotland and Northern Ireland have different registration deadlines. Verify current deadlines at gov.uk/applying-for-probate and hmrc.gov.uk.

Common executor mistakes

Five errors that appear repeatedly in executor administration.

Distributing before all debts are paid

Executors are personally liable for distributing assets to beneficiaries before debts are cleared, if creditors then cannot be paid. The estate pays debts first; what remains is for the beneficiaries.

Closing bank accounts too early

Banks usually ask for the grant of probate before releasing funds from sole accounts, though many release small balances without one. Asking to close an account before probate can delay the process and create administrative problems. Notify the bank; ask what it needs.

Ignoring pension providers

Tell Us Once notifies DWP and HMRC, but not personal or workplace pension schemes (only some public sector ones). Each scheme must be notified separately with the death certificate. Expression of wishes records held with the scheme determine who receives the pension pot — but only if the provider knows the member has died.

Forgetting the IHT deadline

Inheritance tax must normally be paid within 6 months of the end of the month of death. Interest accrues after that date even if probate has not yet been granted. Estate assets (bank account funds, life insurance) can be used to make a payment on account early in the process.

Treating a grant of probate as instant

For taxable estates HMRC must send you a unique code before you can apply for probate — usually within 20 working days. The Probate Registry then takes 6–16 weeks. Plan the estate's financial needs around these timelines.

Download the checklist

FreeA4 PDFEngland & WalesEdition 2026

Blank Executor Checklist

Four time phases, 37 checklist items, a date column for each, reference block at the top, and a creditor advertisement reminder. A4 print-ready.

Download — Blank Executor Checklist (PDF)

Starting point only. Not legal advice. England and Wales.

FreeA4 PDFEngland & WalesEdition 2026

The Complete edition

Every task an executor or administrator in England and Wales can face, in four phases: 187 tasks. Each task names the official page it comes from and the date we read it. Choose the one that suits you.

The normal version. Print it at home and write in it.

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Large print

Bigger writing and more room to write by hand.

Large print typeable version

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Type it on your computer

Click a line and type. Tick the boxes on screen. Save it, or print it.

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All three say exactly the same thing. Free, no account. Starting point only. Not legal advice. England and Wales. Rules, fees and forms change: read the page a task names before you rely on it.

Large print version Typeable version Large print typeable version

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Go further — the prepared executor pack

The checklist tells you what to do in general. The Executor's First Hour Pack tells you what to do for this specific estate — with names, references, and contacts already in place.

Executor's First Hour Pack£179

A prepared document set produced from the portal records. Covers the same four phases but with the estate's specific accounts, contacts, and reference numbers already named — the executor opens it and knows what to do for this estate, not just any estate.

Executor's First Hour Pack →

Start your estate record

SIGNUMValoren’s own case-work deskFor estates in England and Wales

Want help with the whole estate?

Signum is part of Valoren — our own service, and we say so plainly.

Signum finds every account, policy and debt, chases the institutions and sets the figures out in one schedule you confirm. A separate regulated firm, named in your written quote, prepares and submits the probate application.

For an estate you sign two written agreements, never one. Both agreements, with both prices, are put in front of you before you commit to either.

It starts with a free intake, and if we are not the right fit for your estate, we will tell you so and point you at the directories below.

Ask what it would cost, free How it works, and the price bands

No call needed. We reply by email within two business days: what the work would involve and what it is likely to cost.

Valoren is not a law firm and is not regulated: no regulator, no Legal Ombudsman and no compensation fund cover our part. No referral fees, either way.

Prefer an independent adviser? The Law Society, STEP and the Chartered Institute of Taxation keep public directories, and none of them pays Valoren a referral fee.

Questions, answered plainly

No. There is no legal requirement for a solicitor. Many executors administer straightforward estates themselves, using checklists and guidance.

Solicitors add value for complex estates: foreign assets, business interests, trusts, disputed wills, or where the executor lives overseas or is not confident in the role.

For a standard estate — UK assets, no trusts, no disputes — a capable executor with good organisation can administer it without professional help. The Probate Registry's online portal accepts applications directly.

Without a will, there is no named executor. The estate is distributed according to the intestacy rules (set out in the Administration of Estates Act 1925), and the person who acts must apply for Letters of Administration rather than a Grant of Probate.

Use the PA1A form. The checklist applies equally — the process is the same, but the order of beneficiaries is fixed by law rather than set out in a will.

A professional executor (a solicitor or trust company) can charge fees. A lay executor — a family member or friend named in the will — is not automatically entitled to payment; they can recover out-of-pocket expenses from the estate.

If the will grants a fee, that is permissible. If not, an agreement with the beneficiaries for a payment is possible, but any payment comes from their share. Most lay executors do not charge.

A straightforward estate typically takes 6–12 months from death to distribution.

With a property to sell or inheritance tax to resolve, 12–18 months is normal — and 18–24 months is not uncommon where trusts or a dispute are involved.

The most common cause of delay is waiting for the grant of probate and for each institution to process its own paperwork once the grant is obtained.

A grant of probate is issued when there is a valid will and the named executor applies. Letters of Administration are issued when there is no valid will, or when the executor cannot or will not act.

Both documents give the holder legal authority to collect assets and pay debts. The difference is in the application form: PA1P for probate, PA1A for administration.

This checklist is a blank, paper-based starting point — it covers the full twelve-month process in sequence.

The Executor's First Hour Pack (£179 via valoren.uk) is a prepared, personalised document set: it uses the portal records to produce a briefing that names the accounts, the contacts, and the specific steps relevant to that particular estate — rather than a generic list.

The checklist tells you what to do in general; the pack tells you what to do for this specific estate.