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Probate · Property

Selling a house during probate: what you can do before the grant arrives

You can market the property and accept an offer before probate is granted — you cannot exchange or complete until the grant arrives. Roughly 1 in 10 UK property sales is a probate sale.

Getting the sequence right saves months; getting it wrong risks the sale, or the executor's own personal liability to beneficiaries.

This page covers: what you can do before the grant · the step-by-step process · capital gains tax on the sale · undervaluing and executor liability · what happens if the buyer can't wait.

§1

Can you sell before the grant?

Marketing and completing are two different things — one needs the grant, one doesn't. Most of the delay people associate with probate sales is really the 12–20 week wait for HMCTS to issue the grant. You don't have to wait for that to start — only to finish. Use the probate cost calculator to see the fees involved, or the inheritance tax calculator if the estate is near the threshold.

Before the grant — yes

Instruct an estate agent, market the property, and accept an offer. Tell the agent and the buyer's side upfront the sale is subject to grant of probate — this is completely normal and most conveyancers handle it routinely.

Before the grant — no

Exchange contracts or complete the sale. Only the grant proves the executor's legal authority to sell — a buyer's solicitor will not release funds or register the transfer without seeing it.

The executor's duty. An executor must get the best reasonable price for the estate — selling significantly below market value, even to move quickly, can make the executor personally liable to beneficiaries for the difference.

§2

The process, step by step

Run the sale and the probate application in parallel — not one after the other. Executors who wait for the grant before instructing an agent lose months they didn't need to lose.

Step 1

Value the property, apply for the grant

Get a formal RICS valuation for the IHT400 (or the simpler excepted-estate return) and submit the probate application. This is the step that actually takes the time — 12–20 weeks at HMCTS in 2026.

Step 2

Market and accept an offer

Instruct an estate agent and list the property subject to grant of probate. There's no rule against agreeing a sale before the grant arrives — only against completing one.

Step 3

Grant arrives — proceed to exchange

Once HMCTS issues the grant, send a sealed copy to the buyer's solicitor and proceed to exchange and completion in the usual way — the property sale itself typically takes 4–6 months from instruction.

Step 4

Complete, then settle debts before distributing

After completion, proceeds go into the executor's account. Pay debts and tax before distributing to beneficiaries — paying out of order risks personal liability for the executor.

§3

Tax on the sale

Inheritance tax and capital gains tax are two separate charges — and most probate sales only trigger one of them. IHT is based on the property's value at death; CGT is based on any further gain between death and the sale completing.

No gain, no CGT

The property's probate valuation becomes its CGT base cost. If it sells close to that figure — the usual case in a reasonably quick sale — there is little or no gain, and therefore little or no capital gains tax to pay.

If the market moves, CGT applies

Any gain since death is taxed at 18% (basic rate) or 24% (higher rate), after the estate's own annual exempt amount. Report and pay within 60 days of completion via HMRC's UK Property Account — this deadline is easy to miss.

§4

Common pitfalls

Almost every problem in a probate sale traces back to one of four mistakes. None of them are complicated to avoid — they just have to be known in advance.

Undervaluing to sell fast

HMRC's District Valuer can challenge a probate valuation that looks too low — especially if the property then sells for significantly more shortly after. Get a proper RICS valuation, not an estate agent's quick estimate, for anything near the tax threshold.

Executors disagreeing

All executors must agree and all must sign the transfer where there is more than one. Sort out disagreements directly — an application to court for directions is slow and expensive for everyone.

Distributing before debts are settled

Paying a beneficiary before creditors and tax are settled is a breach of duty that makes the executor personally liable to repay it. Sale proceeds go through the process in the statutory order — not straight to the beneficiaries.

Not telling the buyer probate is pending

Marketing a probate property without saying so upfront wastes everyone's time when the delay surfaces later. Say it in the listing — it filters for buyers who can actually wait, and protects the sale.

Executor's First Hour · £179

The full property sequence, timed against everything else you're doing

Includes the valuation-to-completion checklist, the letter to send the buyer's solicitor, the statutory order for distributing proceeds, and a timed action plan from day one through month twelve.

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Figure watch · checked weekly

The figures on this page change.

Court fees rise, thresholds move, deadlines shift.

This card watches the same way your Valoren records would — leave an email and we'll tell you when one changes, once, then stop.

Email me when the probate fees and CGT figures on this page change. Only when a figure actually moves — never sales.

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Where the boundary is reached, Valoren refers.

Most probate sales complete on the sequence above. This section is for the ones that stop being routine — a valuation HMRC challenges, tax falling due mid-sale, a sale price that falls short of the values already returned — and it is straightforward about which of the two routes is ours.

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FAQ

Common questions

01Can I list a house for sale before probate is granted?

Yes — you can market the property and even accept an offer before the grant arrives. What you cannot do is exchange contracts or complete the sale until the grant is issued, because only the grant proves the executor's legal authority to sell. Most estate agents and conveyancers are used to probate sales — tell them upfront so the listing and any offer are made subject to grant of probate.

02Can I exchange contracts before the grant arrives?

No. Exchange and completion both require the grant to be in hand — a buyer's solicitor will not allow completion without seeing it, and most will not let you exchange unconditionally either. You can agree a sale, instruct conveyancers and prepare the contract in parallel with the probate application, so the moment the grant arrives there is no further delay on your side.

03What happens if I sell for less than the probate value?

A genuine arm's-length sale for less than the probate valuation can actually reduce the inheritance tax bill — if the sale completes within 4 years of death, the executor can claim IHT loss relief on property and substitute the sale price for the date-of-death value on the IHT400 (see the full IHT400 walkthrough).

But selling deliberately below market value to a connected party, or without genuinely testing the market, exposes the executor to a claim from beneficiaries for the shortfall — you have a legal duty to get the best reasonable price.

04Do I pay capital gains tax when selling a probate property?

Only on any gain since the date of death — the property's probate valuation becomes its base cost, so if it sells for the same figure there is no CGT to pay. If the market moves before completion, the estate pays CGT at 18% (basic rate) or 24% (higher rate) on the gain, after the estate's own annual exempt amount, and must report and pay within 60 days of completion via HMRC's UK Property Account.

05Can one executor sell without the others agreeing?

No — where there is more than one executor, all of them must agree to a sale and all must sign the transfer. A single executor acting alone risks the transaction being challenged or reversed. If executors genuinely cannot agree, any of them can apply to court for directions, but this is slow and expensive — resolve disagreements directly wherever possible before instructing a conveyancer.

06What if the buyer pulls out because probate is delayed?

It happens, and it is one of the main risks of a probate sale — buyers in a chain sometimes cannot wait 12–20 weeks for HMCTS to issue the grant. Being upfront in the listing that the sale is subject to grant of probate filters out buyers who cannot accommodate the wait.

If a sale falls through, the property simply goes back on the market — nothing about the probate position is lost, only time.

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